FRQ Studio
FRQ 1 โ€” Concept Application

Federalism and the Supremacy Clause

25 minutes suggested 3 points
AP Exam Tip

FRQ 1 always has a scenario. Read it carefully โ€” the scenario tells you WHICH concept to apply. Never write generally about the concept; always tie your answer back to the specific scenario.

Scenario
A state legislature passes a law banning the sale of a product that is legal under federal law. Several retailers challenge the state law in federal court, arguing it cannot stand alongside the federal statute.

AP readers give no credit for abstract definitions. Every answer must reference the specific scenario text above.

Step 1
IDENTIFY the concept
Name it โ€” a phrase is enough
Step 2
DESCRIBE how it works
Explain the mechanism, not just the label
Step 3
CONNECT to the scenario
Use specific details from the text above โ€” names, numbers, events
โœ— WEAK (no scenario connection)

"Partisanship is when people vote along party lines."

โœ“ STRONG (uses scenario)

"Republicans voted along party lines against invoking cloture on the election reform bill, preventing a floor vote even though Democrats held a simple majority."

Use the scenario above to answer the following questions about the constitutional relationship between federal and state law.

A

Describe the constitutional clause that is most directly at issue in this scenario.

0 words ยท minimum 40 to submit
B

Explain how the holding of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) supports the retailers' constitutional argument.

0 words ยท minimum 40 to submit
C

Explain how the principle of federalism could be used to argue in support of the state law.

0 words ยท minimum 40 to submit

Each response needs at least 40 words before you can submit.

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