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FRQ 2 — Quantitative Analysis

Voter Turnout by Age and Education

25 minutes suggested 4 points
AP Exam Tip

FRQ 2 Part A and B must come directly from the data — don't bring in outside knowledge. Parts C and D require you to apply AP Gov concepts to explain or connect the data. Never skip a part.

Data Table · U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2020 Presidential Election
Voter Turnout in the 2020 Presidential Election Age Group | Turnout 18–29 | 50% 30–44 | 58% 45–64 | 67% 65 and older | 71% Educational Attainment | Turnout No high school diploma | 40% High school diploma | 55% Some college | 63% Bachelor's degree | 73% Advanced degree | 80%

Parts A & B are usually straightforward. Parts C & D require application — most points are lost here. Use this scaffold.

For Part A & B — Read the data
  • Identify the exact number, year, or label asked for
  • State the direction of the trend (increasing / decreasing / fluctuating)
  • Include specific numbers from the data — never describe vaguely
For Part C — Apply to a political actor
  • What is the trend? (state it briefly)
  • Which actor would care about this? (interest group, candidate, party, Congress)
  • What specific action would they take? (lobby, run ads, pass legislation, file suit)
  • Who is the target? (Congress, an agency, voters, the president)
For Part D — Connect to a course concept
  • Name the specific agent of socialization or concept (NOT just 'political socialization happened')
  • Explain HOW that agent produces the trend shown — family → children adopt views; media → exposure changes beliefs
  • Tie the direction of the trend to the mechanism
✗ WEAK Part C answer

"Interest groups would use this data to influence policy."

✓ STRONG Part C answer

"Because the percentage of Americans concerned about climate change rose from 25% to 38% between 1997 and 2008, an environmental interest group could use this upward trend to lobby Congress for stricter emissions regulations, arguing the data shows growing public demand for action."

Use the data provided above to answer the following questions about voter participation in the United States.

A

Describe ONE trend shown in the age group data.

0 words · minimum 40 to submit
B

Describe ONE pattern shown in the educational attainment data.

0 words · minimum 40 to submit
C

Explain how the concept of political efficacy helps account for the age-based turnout gap shown in the data.

0 words · minimum 40 to submit
D

Describe ONE structural barrier to voting and explain how removing it could affect the turnout patterns shown in the data.

0 words · minimum 40 to submit

Each response needs at least 40 words before you can submit.

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